Peering into the dynamics of social interactions: measuring play fighting in rats.
play fighting in the rat involves attack and defense of the nape of the neck, which if contacted, is gently nuzzled with the snout. Because
play fighting in the rat involves attack and defense of the nape of the neck, which if contacted, is gently nuzzled with the snout. Because
play fighting is the most commonly occurring form of social play in juvenile mammals. Typically, males engage in more play righting than females, and this
Analysis of the body targets attacked and defended during play? fighting by juvenile Djungarian hamsters Phodopus campbelli revealed that about 70% of all attacks were
Although cataleptic rats do not spontaneously orient, scan, or walk, they will cling, stand, right themselves in the air, and resist being displaced from a
Previously it was found that during the loss of postural support induced by combined administration of haloperidol and morphine, rats became markedly hypothermic. The present
Aye-ayes (. Daubentonia madagascerensis) have highly specialized hands with long digits, especially the thin middle one (D3), which is used for extracting food, such as
Even though behavior tends to occur as a continuous stream of action in most situations, there are discernible regularities that lead observers to label and
Play involves neural circuits that encompass motivational, emotional and reward systems, such that the removal of the cortex does not impair the development, frequency, form
Given that many behavior patterns cluster together in sequences that are organized to solve specific problems (e.g., foraging), a fruitful perspective within which to study
A central feature of rough-and-tumble play is reciprocity, requiring that the competition to win be attenuated by the need to maintain cooperation. This feature of
In the highly social rat, male juvenile and adult subordinates initiate more playful contacts with dominant pairmates than vice versa. This study examined the effect
play fighting by juvenile montane and prairie voles involves attack and defense of the head, neck and shoulders. Since during play animals typically borrow behavior
Restraint is thought to be essential to enable the reciprocity needed for play ï¬ghting to remain playful. Descriptions of playing in pigs suggest that they
Lekking male greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) compete with neighbours not only by strutting to attract females but also by directly challenging othermales. These challenges include
First paragraph of this paper: play fighting by juvenile mammals generally involves behavioural components that can be predicted from the components involved in the fighting
Restraint is thought to be essential to enable the reciprocity needed for play fighting to remain playful. Descriptions of playing in pigs suggest that they
Rats reared with playful peers during the juvenile period have a modified prefrontal cortex and improved executive functions, whereas ones reared with less playful partners,
play fighting is often difficult to differentiate from inhibited or immature serious fighting because both may utilize many of the same behavior patterns. In the
play fighting in the Syrian Golden hamster Mesocricetus auratus can be distinguished from serious fighting by the targets attacked in each case. In play fighting,
In a previous study we found that in the intraspecific, resident?intruder fights of males of two vole species there were significant differences in the frequency
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