Back to Resource Library A comparison of preschoolers' physical activity indoors versus outdoors at child care Cardon, G.M., Labarque, V.L., Smits, D.L., De Bourdeaudhuij, I.M. · 2009 ★ NIFPlay Rating: 5 Rating Scale 10 Rigorous play-specific science 6–9 General biological science 5 Sound play research (uncontrolled) 1–4 Less rigorous / indirect 0 Indirect but high value Observational study comparing preschoolers' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels during indoor and outdoor time at childcare, finding significantly higher activity levels outdoors. View Resource