Back to Resource Library Temperament is associated with outdoor free play in young children: A target kids! study Miller, A.L., Lumeng, J.C., LeBourgeois, M.K. · 2014 ★ NIFPlay Rating: 5 Rating Scale 10 Rigorous play-specific science 6–9 General biological science 5 Sound play research (uncontrolled) 1–4 Less rigorous / indirect 0 Indirect but high value Large cohort study finding significant associations between children's temperament characteristics and the frequency and nature of their outdoor free play participation. View Resource